Shadows (1959), a workshop project coordinated by John Cassavetes, carried the improvisation techniques in a fictional dramatic film to new heights. The content sought by Cassavetes and his actors was no longer the surface realism alone, which was well explored by Morris Engel and the neorealists. For the new cinema, Shadows represented a turn inwards—a focusing upon psychological realities. The little bits of plot were used only as loose frameworks to explore and exhibit the actors’ own emotions, attitudes, remembrances, reactions. JONAS MEKAS